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Abhinav Bindra (born 28 September 1982) is an Indian businessman and retired professional shooter who is a former World and Olympic champion in the 10 metre Air Rifle event.^[1] By winning the gold in the 10 metre Air Rifle event at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, he became the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at the Olympic Games.^[2] It was also India's first gold medal since 1980, when the Men's Field Hockey Team won the gold.^[3][4] He is the first and only Indian to have held both the World and Olympic titles at the same time, a feat he accomplished by capturing the Gold Medal at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, after having won the gold at the 2006 ISSF World Shooting Championships. Bindra also won the Gold Medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.

In 2014, Abhinav Bindra joined the GoSports Foundation, Bangalore as a member of their board of advisors. In collaboration with the GoSports Foundation, he will also provide support to India's up and coming talented shooters through the Abhinav Bindra Shooting Development Programme.^[5]

In May 2016, the Indian Olympics Association (IOA) appointed Abhinav Bindra as the Goodwill Ambassador for Rio 2016 Olympic Games Indian Contingent.^[6]

In the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics, Bindra finished 4th in the finals of the 10 metre Air Rifle Event. On 5 September 2016, Abhinav Bindra announced his retirement.^[7]

On 30 November 2018, Bindra was bestowed with the prestigious Blue Cross, the ISSF's highest shooting honour.^[8][9]

• 1Career

Career[edit]

Early years[edit]

Abhinav Bindra was born into a wealthy Punjabi family.^[10] He studied at The Doon School for two years before moving to St. Stephen's School, Chandigarh; he graduated from Stephen's in 2000.^[11][12] In the Kolkata Literary Meet, Bindra said that he had to get in some sports when he was in Doon School and he took up shooting reluctantly. Later, he fell in love with the sport.^[13] His parents had an indoor shooting range installed at their home in Patiala, Punjab.^[14][15] His mentor was Dr. Amit Bhattacharjee who has been closely associated with him since the beginning of his career.^[16] Bhattacharjee and Lt. Col. Dhillon (who was also his first coach) were the first ones to spot potential in Abhinav.^[17][18] Bindra was the youngest Indian participant at the 2000 Olympic Games.^[15] His current coach is a five-time Olympic shooter Gabriele Bühlmann from Basel, Switzerland, with whom he trained in Germany before the Olympics.^{[citation needed]}

At the 2000 Olympics, a 17-year-old Bindra achieved a score of 590, placing him 11th in the qualification round, meaning he did not qualify for the finals since only the top eight competed in the finals.^[19]

Notable international performance[edit]

At 15, Abhinav Bindra became the youngest participant in the 1998 Commonwealth Games. His breakthrough, though came when he won a Bronze in the 2001 Munich World Cup with a new junior world record score of 597/600. Bindra was also the youngest Indian participant at the 2000 Olympic Games.

He won six gold medals at various international meets in 2001. In 2000 he was honoured with the Arjuna Award and the prestigious Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2001.

In the Air Rifle event at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, Manchester, he won Gold in the Pairs event. Bindra also won Silver in the individual event.

In the 2004 Athens Olympics, despite breaking the Olympic record Bindra failed to win a medal. He scored 597 in the qualification round and was placed third behind Qinan Zhu (599 – new Olympic Record) and Li Jie (598). In the finals, Abhinav finished with 97.6 points, last in the field of eight, and was the only player below 100 points. His sub-par finals dropped him from third to seventh.^[20]

On 24 July 2006, Bindra became the first Indian shooter to win a World Championship gold in Zagreb. Dr. Karni Singh's Silver in 1962 was the previous best by an Indian in a World Championship meet.

At the 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games, he won the Gold in the Pairs event and the Bronze in the Singles event. Abhinav missed the 2006 Asian Games at Doha because of a back injury.

After these successes he started suffering from a severe back injury, so much so that he was unable to compete or even lift a rifle for a year, upsetting his preparations for the Beijing Games. However, Bindra came back strongly and booked his place in the 2008 Olympics by winning the gold medal at the 2006 ISSF World Shooting Championships with a score of 699.1.^[21]

At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Abhinav Bindra won the gold in the Men's 10m Air Rifle event after shooting a total of 700.5. He scored 596 (fourth) in the qualifying round and out-scored all other shooters in the finals with a round of 104.5. In the finals, he started with a shot of 10.7, and none of his shots were below 10.0.^[22] Bindra was tied with Henri Häkkinen heading into his final shot. Bindra scored his highest of the finals – 10.8 while Hakkinen shot 9.7 to settle for the Bronze medal.^[23] It has been alleged that Abhinav Bindra's gun was tampered with between the qualifying and final round of the event, though no official complaint was filed by the Indian contingent.^[24] This was India's first individual gold medal at the Olympics, and the first gold in 28 years, since the men's field hockey team won the gold at the 1980 Moscow Olympics.^[3] Bindra was rewarded by various Indian state governments and private organisations for his achievement.

When the 2010 Commonwealth Games were held in New-Delhi, Abhinav Bindra got the honour of being the Indian contingent's flag-bearer at the opening ceremony. He also got the honour of taking the athletes' oath on behalf of the 6,700 participants from 71 countries and territories on that occasion. Abhinav Bindra along with Gagan Narang shot in unison to set a Games record 1193 in 10m air rifle pair's event for men to win the first gold for India in the 19th Commonwealth Games. However the Olympic Champion had to settle for silver in the individual event. His countryman Gagan Narang, who shot a perfect 600 to equal his own world record in men's 10m individual air rifle qualification, won the Gold.

Abhinav Bindra won the Gold medal in the Men's 10-metre Air rifle event at the 12th Asian Shooting Championships, which was held in Doha Qatar.

Abhinav Bindra lost in the qualification round in 2012 London Olympics finishing with a score of 594 placing him in 16th, though his compatriot Gagan Narang made it to the finals in 3rd place, and went on to win the bronze medal for India, thereby opening the medal tally for India in London Olympics 2012.

In 2014 Commonwealth Games at Glasgow, Abhinav Bindra again won Gold in the Men's 10m air rifle singles event.^[25]

At the 2016 Olympic Games at Rio de Janeiro, he came fourth in the Men's 10m Air Rifle singles event after losing a shoot-off for the top 3 to Serhiy Kulish, who eventually won the silver.^[26]

Business career[edit]

He holds a B.B.A. (Bachelor of Business Administration) from the University of Colorado, US.^[27] Bindra is the CEO of Abhinav Futuristics, the sole distributor of Walther arms in India.^{[citation needed]} Abhinav has sponsorship tie-ups with Samsung, BSNL, and the Sahara Group.^[14] He is also the brand ambassador by State-run Steel Authority of India Ltd. and also a member of Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) Sports Committee since 2010.

Personal life[edit]

HarperSport published his autobiography, A Shot at History: My Obsessive Journey to Olympic Gold which he co-authored with sportswriter Rohit Brijnath in October 2011. It was formally released by Union Sports minister, Ajay Maken on 27 October 2011 at a function in New Delhi,^[28] thereafter the book went on to receive positive reviews.^[29][30]Harshvardhan Kapoor will essay the lead in Abhinav's biopic for the big screen.^[31] He is the mentor and coach of air rifle shooter Pushan Jain.^[32]

Bindra has remarked that he has no talent and his only talent is that he can practise regularly, diligently and honestly. He has said that he had a dream of winning the gold medal in the district level, which was his major burning desire from the very first day he started shooting practice. Everything else was just pure greed and determination and his sheer love for the sport, including his Olympic medal. According to him, his elation at winning at the district level was far more greater than winning the Olympics itself.According to him, most Indian parents do not consider sports as a profession. Bindra wants people to look up sports as a serious profession in India.^[13]

Awards and accolades[edit]

• 2000 – Arjuna award.
• 2001 – Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna (India's highest sports award).
• 2008 − HonoraryDoctorate degree (D.Litt) from SRM University.^[33]
• 2009 – Padma Bhushan.^[34]
• 2011 – Honorary lieutenant colonel by Indian Territorial Army
• 2018 – Blue Cross, highest shooting honour by ISSF^[8]
• 2019 – HonoraryDoctorate degree (DPhil) from Kaziranga University.^[35]

Awards for 2008 Olympics Gold medal

• ₹15 million (US$220,000) by Mittal Champions Trust
• ₹5 million (US$72,000) cash prize by Central Govt^[36]
• ₹2.5 million (US$36,000) cash prize by the state government of Haryana.^[37]
• ₹2.5 million (US$36,000) cash prize by the Board of Control for Cricket in India^[38]
• ₹1.5 million (US$22,000) cash prize by Steel Ministry of India^[39]
• ₹1.1 million (US$16,000) cash prize by the state government of Bihar. The Patna Indoor Stadium will be renamed after Abhinav Bindra.^[37]
• ₹1 million (US$14,000) prize by the state government of Karnataka^[40]
• ₹1 million (US$14,000) cash prize by S. Amolak Singh Gakhal, Chairman Golds Gym^[41]
• ₹1 million (US$14,000) cash prize by Chief Minister of Maharashtra state^[42]
• ₹500,000 (US$7,200) cash prize by state government of Orissa^[43]
• ₹500,000 (US$7,200) cash prize by Government of Tamil Nadu^[44]
• ₹100,000 (US$1,400) cash prize by the state government of Chhattisgarh^[37]
• ₹100,000 (US$1,400) cash prize by the state government of Madhya Pradesh
• A free lifetime railway pass by the Railway Ministry of India^[45]
• A Gold medal by the state government of Kerala.^[46]
• ₹1.5 million (US$22,000) cash award by Pune Municipal Corporation.^[47]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abAthlete Biography: Abhinav Bindra. The official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.
2. ^India Best21 (23 June 2016). 'List of India's best Sportspeople'. IndiaBest21. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
3. ^ ^abAbhinav Bindra wins 10m air rifle gold
4. ^Medalists – India, The official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games
5. ^Bindra, GoSports join hands to help young shooters
6. ^Abhinav Bindra Goodwill Ambassador for Rio 2016 Indian Contingent
7. ^'A legend rides into the sunset – Olympian Abhinav Bindra retires'. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
8. ^ ^ab'Raninder and Bindra get awards'. thehindu.com. The Hindu. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
9. ^'Abhinav Bindra becomes first Indian to get highest shooting'. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. TOI. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
10. ^'CWG 2010 Shooting | Abhinav Bindra Profile | India Hopes Medal | Commonwealth Games | Delhi – Oneindia News'. News.oneindia.in. 28 September 2010. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
11. ^'Abhinav Bindra's schools – India'. BBC News. 26 July 2010.
12. ^http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080812/main4.htm
13. ^ ^abJOYLAND (ourjoyland.in) issue 22 June 2016, page 4
14. ^ ^ab'Abhinav Bindra's parents feeling on top of the world'. Hindustan Times. India. 11 August 2008. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
15. ^ ^ab'Abhinav Bindra Profile'. iloveindia.com.
16. ^[1]Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
17. ^'Bindra upset at coaches being ignored'. The Hindu. Chennai, India. 23 July 2009.
18. ^'Abhinav Bindra win gold in Beijing'. 11 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
19. ^'China grabs gold, Bindra places 11th in shooting'. Rediff. 18 September 2000. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
20. ^'Bindra finishes seventh'. Rediff. 16 August 2004. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
21. ^'Abhinav Bindra clinches India's first gold'. The Hindu. India. 25 July 2006. Archived from the original on 14 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
22. ^India's Bindra wins gold in the Men's 10m Air Rifle from the Official Website of Beijing OlympicsArchived 14 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
23. ^'Abhinav Bindra wins 10m air rifle gold'. Rediff. 11 August 2008. Archived from the original on 12 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
24. ^A news article from Times of India dated 14 August 2008, retrieved 14 August 2008
25. ^'Abhinav Bindra clinches Gold in 10m Air Rifle at Glasgow Commonwealth'. IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
26. ^'Abhinav Bindra misses out on men's 10m air rifle medal, settles for fourth position'. Indian Express. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
27. ^Ganguly, Madhumita (12 August 2008). 'Abhi-nerve cures a nation's yellow fever'. Calcutta, India: The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
28. ^'Maken formally launches Abhinav Bindra's biography'. The Times of India. 27 October 2011.
29. ^'Hitting bull's eye'. Daily Pioneer. 19 November 2011.
30. ^Datta, Sravasti (6 November 2011). 'A shot at greatness'. Chennai, India: The Hindu.
31. ^http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/harshvardhan-kapoor-to-play-olympic-gold-medalist-abhinav-bindra-in-his-biopic-see-photo-4830779/
32. ^http://www.pushanjain.com/training
33. ^'Honorary Degree Conferred'. srmuniv.ac.in. SRM University. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
34. ^Padma Awards-2009
35. ^'Mary Kom And Jadav Payeng Receive Honorary Doctorate From KU'. northeasttoday.in. Northeast today. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
36. ^Agencies (19 August 2008). 'Central Govt to give Abhinav Bindra 50 lakhs'. Express India. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
37. ^ ^abcShooting Star: Prizes pour in as states honour Bindra
38. ^BCCI chief sanctions cash award for Bindra
39. ^Steel Ministry undertakings announce Rs. 15 lakh cash prize to Abhinav BindraArchived 22 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
40. ^'Karnataka announces Rs 10 lakh cash award to Bindra'. The Hindu. Chennai, India. 11 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
41. ^'The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Jalandhar Edition'. Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
42. ^Deshmukh announces Rs 10 lakh cash prize to BindraArchived 16 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
43. ^'Abhinav's Olympic Gold brings nostalgia to Orissa CM'. Archived from the original on 24 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
44. ^TN announces Rs 5 lakh for BindraArchived 17 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
45. ^Mittal lends a hand to India's Olympic heroArchived 22 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
46. ^[2]Archived 2 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
47. ^Desk, The (13 August 2008). 'PMC announces Rs 15 lakh cash award for Abhinav Bindra | The Punekar'. Punekar.in. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2011.

Further reading[edit]

• Pradhan, Kunal (6 October 2014). 'The unlikely hero'. India Today. 39 (40): 75.

External links[edit]

• Abhinav Bindra at the Commonwealth Games Federation
• Abhinav Bindra at the International Olympic Committee
• Abhinav Bindra at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com
• 'Abhinav Bindra's Profile & Records (indiatwo.com)'. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
• 'Abhinav Bindra at the 2008 Beijing Olympics'. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2008.

Current Affairs 4th December 2018 - Important Points

• Name of India’s fastest train which is also engine less - Train 18
• Government inks $85 Million Loan Agreement with ADB for - Odisha Skill Development Project
• National Commission for Females to support livelihood programmes for - Females in northeast
• International Day of Persons with Disabilities observed globally on – 3^rd December 2018
• Abhinav Bindra becomes first Indian to get highest shooting honour Blue Cross
• South African President Cyril Ramaphosa to be chief guest at Republic Day celebrations 2019
• India, US Air Forces exercise Ex Cope India-2018 begins in West Bengal
• India to host G20 Summit in 2022

Current Affairs 4th December 2018 - Details

Name of India’s fastest train which is also engine less - Train 18

India’s 1st indigenously developed locomotive-less (engine less) train called Train 18, broken the 180 km/h velocity limit during test route in Kota-Sawai Madhopur section. When this train would be operational, it will become the nation’s fastest train. It is advertised as next generation Shatabdi Express and will join metros with other important cities.

Background

Train 18 cane out in October 2018 at Chennai’s Integral Coach Factory. Earlier in November 2018, Research Designs and Standards Organisation had declared its run trial successful. During this track trail in Moradabad division of Northern Railway, this train run at about 115 km/h speed. The tests proved that train has distinct track geometry parameters, curved alignments of specific radius and station yard areas. Major tests of this train are now finished with just few more remaining. As Train 18 is operational, it will commence its commercial run from January 2019.

Train 18

It is capable of attaining 200 km/h provided the rest of Indian Railways’ system. It will be replacing present 30 years old Shatabdi Express, as next generation Shatabdi Express. It will be 1st long-distance train without separate engine.

Train 18 took investment of about Rupees 100 crores to build this prototype and succeeding bulk production will decrease the cost. Thus, it will be inexpensive compared to imported engine-less trains.

It has aerodynamically planned driver cabins at both ends for faster turn-around at destinations. It backs advanced regenerative braking system- ARBS which saves power.

Train 18 is completely air-conditioned and proposes better passenger comfort and safety, as all apparatus are fixed under carriage, so that extra space is available on board. It also has soft lighting, automatic doors, footsteps and GPS-based Passenger Information System.

Government inks $85 Million Loan Agreement with ADB for - Odisha Skill Development Project

Union Government’s Ministry of Finance and Asian Development Bank has inked $85 million loan contract for Odisha Skill Development Project. It intends to improve the skill development ecosystem in Odisha and found World Skill Centre, an advanced skill training centre in Bhubaneswar.

Important Highlights
The skill development project will benefit more than 150,000 people learn skills in priority sectors, including production, construction and services for formal employment.
It would counterpart the efforts to mark the employment requirements of the emerging sectors in India and globally.
It would engage Singapore’s Institute of Technical Education Services to sustenance Odisha Skill Development Authority in forming and operationalising the World Skill Centre.
The World Skill Centre would offer internationally marked advanced training programmes for the working age population of Odisha.
It will issue training to 5,000 teachers, 1000 assessors and provide 8 training courses for 13,000 full-time students.
It will advance the overall eco-system of skill development in Odisha by delivering integrated services through an entrepreneurship incubation centre, a career counselling and placement centre, a curriculum design and development centre and education technology deployment centre.

National Commission for Females to support livelihood programmes for - Females in northeast

The National Commission for Women has finalised to support North-East livelihood programs for females, particularly for those under the younger age group, via skill development and specialised training.
The same was finalised during a meeting between the Minister of State for DoNER Ministry, Dr. Jitendra Singh and the freshly designated member of the 3-member National Commission for Women, Soso Shaiza in New Delhi on December 3rd, 2018.

The main focus behind the move is to empower the young females as individuals and enable them to earn a living for themselves.

Significance
Though the females in the North-East are quite unbound as far as their contribution in outdoor work is concerned, there is still possibility for raising the levels of education among them, especially among females living in remote and rural areas.
The income programs will impart skill training to these females in order to make them independent.

International Day of Persons with Disabilities observed globally on – 3^rd December 2018

The International Day of Persons with Disabilities was celebrated worldwide on December 3rd, 2018 with the theme “Empowering persons with disabilities and ensuring inclusiveness and equality”.
The international day goals to promote the rights of individuals with disabilities in all spheres of society and development. It also goals to upsurge awareness of the situation of individuals with disabilities in every aspect of life, be it political, social, economic or cultural.

Important Points

The International Day of People with Disability is celebrated on December 3rd every year.
The yearly celebration of the day was announced in 1992, by a resolution of the UN General Assembly.
The day goals to upsurge public awareness, understanding and acceptance of people with disability and rejoice their achievements and contributions.
Each year the UN declares a theme to celebrate the International Day of People with Disability.
The annual theme delivers an overarching attention on how society can strive for inclusivity over the removal of physical, technological and attitudinal barriers for individuals with disability.

Abhinav Bindra Biography Pdf Programs Download

Abhinav Bindra becomes first Indian to get highest shooting honour Blue Cross

World-class Indian shooter and still India’s only solo Olympic gold medallist Abhinav Bindra was bestowed coveted International Shooting Sport Federation “Blue Cross”. With this, Bindra became the 1st Indian to be presented the Blue Cross award. The prize is conferred for outstanding contribution to sport of shooting and honours distinguished associates of the international shooting fraternity. Blue Cross is the highest recognition given by parent body of International shooting Sports Federation.

Abhinav Bindra

Abhinav Bindra secured Olympic gold medal in 2008, World Championship gold in 2006, Seven Commonwealth Games medals and three Asian Games medals in shooting. He became 1st Indian to secure individual Olympic gold medal by winning the topmost prize in 10 meters Air Rifle event at 2008 Games organised in Beijing, China.

Abhinav Bindra Biography Pdf Programs Free

He was bestowed with Arjuna award in 2000, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2001 and Padma Bhushan in 2009. He narrowly had missed out on 2nd Olympic medal at 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro, after which he declared to retire from sport at the age of 33 to pave path for coming generation of Indian shooters.

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa to be chief guest at Republic Day celebrations 2019

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa will be chief guest at India’s 70th Republic Day celebrations on 26th January 2019. Cyril Ramaphosa was given invitation to be chief guest by Indian PM Narendra Modi during the meeting of leaders on side-lines of G20 summit in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The statement comes month after United States President Donald Trump refudsed India’s invitation to be chief guest. The reason given was “scheduling constraints” of President.

Significance

It honours date on which Constitution of India came into effect on 26th January 1950 replacing Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India. Constitution was accepted by Indian Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into existence on 26th January 1950, completing the nation’s transition towards becoming an Independent nation.

26th January was selected as Republic day because it was on this day in 1930 when Purna Swaraj was announced by Indian National Congress at Lahore session 1929 as conflicted to Dominion status proposed by British Regime.

India, US Air Forces exercise Ex Cope India-2018 begins in West Bengal

Air Forces of India and United States started their 12 days combined exercise ‘Ex Cope India-2018’ in West Bengal. It is 4th edition in series of bilateral joint exercise organised by Air Forces of both countries conducted in India. This year for 1st time exercise will be organised at 2 Air Force bases in West Bengal’s Kalaikunda and Panagarh.

Important Points

This edition of exercise is focused at delivering operational exposure to air force personnel of both nations and undertake mutual exchange of best practices for upgrading operational capability. It will be aimed on developing United States-Indian mutual co-operation and developing on existing capabilities, aircrew tactics and force employment. It will present United States and India’s efforts and commitment to free and open Indo-Pacific region. United States Air Force is taking part with 12 F15 C/D, 3 C-130. Indian Air Force is participating with Su-30 MKI, Jaguar, Mirage 2000, C-130J and AWACS airplanes.

Background

Cope India is series of International Air Force exercises among Indian Air Force and US Air Force conducted on and over Indian land. The 1st such exercise was directed at Indian Air Force station in Gwalior from February 2004. The exercise was repeated in 2005, 2006, 2009 and was last organised in 2010.

India to host G20 Summit in 2022

India will arrange G20 Summit In 2022, when it will boserve its 75th year of Independence. It was declared by PM Narendra Modi during current G20 meet of international grouping in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This comes after Italy acknowledged India’s official request to organise this summit in 2021 as earlier it was going to arrange it in 2022. During the Buenos Aires G20 meet, India presented a 9-point schedule to the G20 nations calling for strong and active co-operation among them to comprehensively deal with fugitive economic offenders.

Abhinav Bindra Biography

G20

G20 is premier forum for international economic co-operation and decision-making for governments and central bank governors from 20 mega economies to emphasis on economic issues and other crucial development challenges.

It consists of total 19 nations in addition with EU, representing 85 percent of global GDP, 80 percent of international trade, 65 percent of world’s population. Its members consist Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, India, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Turkey, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States and European Union.

In 2008, the 1st G20 Leaders’ Summit was arranged in Washington DC, United States. Earlier to this, it was merely forum for meeting of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors. The G20 has played crucial role in responding to the global financial crisis.